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For thousands of years, the Coachella Valley was home to the Agua Caliente Band of Cahuilla Indians. During the winter months, they established their village around the natural hot mineral springs (current site of the Spa Resort Casino). In summer, to escape the extreme temperatures of the desert floor, the small band moved to the canyons where it was more comfortable because of the higher elevation. Few had ever seen a white man.
In 1877, the Southern Pacific Railroad completed its line through the desert to the Pacific Ocean. A Congressional policy established that every odd section of land for 10 miles on either side of the track became the property of the railroad (a section was defined as one square mile). The even-numbered sections remained the property of the federal government.
In 1884, Judge John Guthrie McCallum of San Francisco and his family became the first non-Indians to settle here. McCallum, with the assistance of local Indians, built a 19 mile stone-lined ditch from the Whitewater River into Palm Springs bringing in pure, precious water for irrigation.
Throughout the 19th century, various explorers, colonizers, and soldiers came through the desert, but it was not until 1853 that the United States Topographical Engineers mentioned the oasis of palm trees and springs which they called "Palm Springs." The name did not stick at that time, however. After California became a state in 1850, various stage routes crossed the desert, and "Big Bill Bradshaw's" freight line began to stop at what Bradshaw called "Agua Caliente." The place was known by that name or variations of "Palm Valley" until 1890 when Harry McCallum referred in a letter to his post office address in "Palm Springs."
Dr. Wellwood Murray, of nearby Banning, opened Palm Springs' first hotel, called the Palm Springs Hotel, which was conveniently located directly across the road from the Indian bathhouse where his guests could take advantage of its warm, curative waters.
In 1909, Dr. Harry and Nellie Coffman started their sanitorium, The Desert Inn, which was originally a place for those afflicted with tuberculosis. The Inn later became a world-renowned resort hotel catering to the very wealthy, which included captains of industry and well-known millionaires such as the Vanderbilt and Hearst families.
World War II brought rapid growth to Palm Springs with many new housing developments and businesses. The Desert Museum opened its doors in 1938, a public library was established in 1939 and the Desert Hospital opened in 1951.
Hollywood discovered Palm Springs as early as about 1919. The desert was considered a choice filming spot for many silents, and stars such as Rudolph Valentino, Ernest Torrence, and Theda Bara could be easily spotted in town. Since then, Palm Springs has become known as "The Playground of the Stars." Many have had homes in the City or have stayed at famous places such as the El Mirador Hotel and Charles Farrell's Racquet Club. Spotting a movie star walking down the street, shopping or in a restaurant was a common occurrence.
In 1938, Palm Springs opened the first high school in the Palm Springs Union High School District, which, in in 1948, was combined with the Desert School District to form the Palm Springs Unified School District. Prior to this, high school students from the area were bused daily to nearby Banning.
Other famed guests were FBI Director J. Edgar Hoover and Mayor Jimmy Walker of New York, along with many other notables and celebrities. Even little Shirley Temple learned to ride her two-wheeler on the grounds of the Desert Inn. Palm Springs was now on its way to becoming a thriving resort.
Palm Springs was incorporated in 1938 with Philip Boyd as the first Mayor. World War II brought rapid growth to Palm Springs with many new housing developments and businesses.
In the 1950s, about 3,000 sections of land were transferred to the Agua Caliente Band of Cahuilla Indians. This created a checkerboard pattern of growth, still evident in the area today. The Agua Caliente also hold title to the fan palm oases of Palm, Murray and Andreas Canyons.
Whether it’s a round of golf in the winter or a massage at a first-class spa resort, Palm Springs is the place to enjoy life. Often described as a small city with the cultural amenities of an urban area, the shopping, entertainment, dining and recreational opportunities are first-class.
Palm Springs lies on the western edge of the Coachella Valley in central Riverside County approximately 107 miles east of Los Angeles. It is within the ecological area known as the Colorado Desert and is 487 feet above sea level. Rising behind the downtown is the impressive Mt. San Jacinto, elevation 10,831 feet. Palm Springs covers a geographical area of 96 square miles with well-established neighborhoods. Recently there has been a fascination with mid-century modern architecture - something Palm Springs is proud to have as part of its mix of eclectic design styles.
Because it is only a two-hour drive from Los Angeles, Orange and San Diego counties, there are a large number of second homes in Palm Springs. The permanent population is 43,800 as of 2001, with another 27,000 to 30,000 people living in the City in the winter, bringing the total population to almost 75,000 residents during the winter season.
Approximately 1 million tourists stay in hotels in Palm Springs annually while another 600,000 visitors stay in non-hotel accommodations. They are no doubt attracted by the weather, which includes some 350 days of sunshine.
For those fortunate enough to call Palm Springs home, the City boasts many parks and recreational facilities including a municipal golf course, tennis courts, a public Olympic-size pool, dog park and a baseball stadium.
If you enjoy being active, there are hiking trails, bicycle routes, a water park and horseback riding. Don’t forget to check out the City’s library and museums.
From the desert floor you can travel 8,500 feet up Mt. San Jacinto aboard the Palm Springs Aerial Tramway as it makes the very scenic trip to its mountain station in about 15 minutes.
In downtown Palm Springs, the palm trees grow tall and straight along the City’s main drag - Palm Canyon Drive. That’s where the City’s many parades and festivals are staged. Cruise the one-way strip lined with antique shops, art galleries, boutiques, restaurants and night clubs and you’ll soon spot something that will catch your eye. Better yet, enjoy the downtown on foot and see the names of many Hollywood legends that grace the Walk of Stars. Once the trendy playground of Hollywood stars, Palm Springs maintains its chic charm.
Learn more about this city
City of PALM SPRINGS, CA official site
City of PALM SPRINGS, CA chamber of commerce
City of PALM SPRINGS, CA general information
City of PALM SPRINGS, CA yellow pages
City of PALM SPRINGS, CA newspaper
County of RIVERSIDE, CA official site
State of California official site